儿童（0～6岁）居民健康卡应用研究

为实现儿童保健和计划免疫的全方位信息化管理,本文提出一种儿童居民健康卡应用方案。基于辽宁省区域卫生信息平台,同时连接辽宁省妇幼保健院信息系统和计划免疫系统,通过采用健康卡的模式,能够大大提高儿童保健管理和服务能力。     

小剂量氨茶碱与博利康尼治疗轻中度小儿支气管哮喘的临床疗效观察

目的探讨小剂量氨茶碱与博利康尼治疗轻中度小儿支气管哮喘的临床安全性与疗效。方法 2012年1月—2013年12月将我院收治的90例支气管哮喘患儿随机分为观察组（45例）与对照组（45例）。观察组采用氨茶碱针2 mg/kg/d,对照组博利康尼（无锡制药有限公司,1985334301,2.5mg/片）口服,0.065 mg/kg.d1。两组3 d为一疗程,对两组疗效以及症状、体征持续时间等进行比较。结果 1观察组总有效率为95.56%,对照组总有效率为86.67%,P〈0.01,观察组疗效明显优于对照组。2两组气促消失及心率正常时间比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,但在肺部哮鸣音,咳嗽等症状消失方面观察组与对照组比较差异有显著性。结论小剂量氨茶碱治疗小儿轻中度支气管哮喘疗效确切。     

前白蛋白和C反应蛋白在诊断儿童细菌性社区获得性肺炎中的临床价值

目的 探讨前白蛋白（PA）和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平对诊断儿童细菌性社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的临床价值.方法 选取2012年7月至2013年12月诊治的儿童细菌性CAP患儿72例（CAP组）,另选取同期门诊健康体检儿童50例为健康对照组.分别采用速率散射比浊法和免疫比浊法测定两组儿童血清PA和CRP,并进行比较.结果 治疗前,CAP组CRP水平显著高于健康对照组,PA水平显著低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）;CAP组白细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比高于健康对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.治疗后,CAP组CRP水平明显低于治疗前,而PA水平明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Pearson相关分析显示,CAP患儿CRP水平与PA水平呈负相关（r=-0.613,P＜0.01）.结论 测定血清PA与CRP可能有助于儿童细菌性CAP的临床诊断,对指导抗生素的使用、病情评估及疗效判断有重要参考意义.     

学龄前儿童肥胖综合干预研究

目的：探索防治学龄前儿童肥胖的有效方法。方法以整群抽样的方法选择5所幼儿园,3所为干预幼儿园,2所作为对照幼儿园。以干预园保健医、教师、保育员、厨师、幼儿及其家长为干预对象,采用健康教育的方式改变其行为,达到防治儿童肥胖的目的。干预周期为1年。结果随访1年后,干预组儿童超重和肥胖检出率均低于对照组,入组时体质量正常的儿童转为超重或肥胖的比例干预组明显低于对照组,两组儿童身高差异无统计学意义。结论肥胖防治的健康教育干预不会影响儿童身高的生长,但可有效降低正常学龄前儿童肥胖和超重的发生率。     

3种清热解毒类中药注射剂治疗小儿手足口病的Meta分析

摘 要 目的：评价清热解毒类中药注射剂在手足口病治疗中的临床应用的疗效和安全性。 方法: 计算机检索 PubMed、Cochrane Library、CNKI,VIP和WanFang Data数据库,搜集清热解毒类中药注射剂治疗小儿手足口病的随机对照试验（RCTs）,检索时限均为建库至2019年3月,由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果: 共纳入11个RCTs,共 2 071例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,与西药常规疗法组比较,中药注射剂组治疗小儿手足口病可提高总有效率 [OR=2.88,95%CI（1.62,5.10）,P=0.000 3]、缩短退热起效时间 [MD=-8.10,95%CI（-11.77,-4.42）,P＜0.000 1]、缩短体温恢复正常时间 [MD=-16.63,95%CI（-22.68,-10.59）,P＜0.000 01]、缩短手足皮疹消退时间 [MD=-29.57,95%CI（-47.18,-11.95）,P=0.001];在不良反应发生率、重症转化率上,两组的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论: 清热解毒类中药注射剂治疗小儿手足口病具有一定的优势,可在临床推广使用。但现有高质量文献不多,因此本研究最终纳入文献数量较少,未能对3种中药注射剂之间的疗效和安全性进行比较,需要更多设计严谨的高质量、多中心的随机双盲临床研究进一步验证。     

硬性透氧性角膜接触镜对单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童的矫治效果观察

目的 研究硬性透氧性角膜接触镜(RGP)对单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童矫治效果。 方法 选取2014年2月至2015年8月西安市中心医院收治的单眼屈光参差性弱视患儿110例。根据治疗方式的不同分为观察组59例,对照组51例。观察组予以RGP矫正视力,对照组则佩戴框架眼镜矫正视力。分别对两组患儿进行为期1年的随访,比较视力矫正情况,临床疗效,并发症发生情况以及患儿满意度。 结果 观察组配镜后1个月、6个月及12个月后矫正视力分别为(4.33±0.31)、(4.52±0.47)、(4.76±0.29),均高于对照组的(4.19±0.30)、(4.33±0.40)、(4.41±0.44),差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为67.80%(40/59),高于对照组的43.14%(22/51),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组并发症发生率对比不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。观察组病人满意度为100.00%(59/59),高于对照组的90.20%(46/51),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。     

Potential efficacy of garlic lock therapy in combating biofilm and catheter-associated infections; experimental studies on an animal model with focus on toxicological aspects

BackgroundLife-threatening central venous catheter-related infections are primarily initiated by biofilm formation on the catheter surface. Antibiotic lock therapy is recommended for eradicating intraluminal biofilm. In the era of antibiotic resistance, antibiotics of natural origins provide an effective and cheap option for combating resistant strains. Garlic especially stole the spotlight because of its impressive antimicrobial effectiveness against such superbugs.AimIs to estimate the potential use of fresh garlic extract (FGE) as a lock agent against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria.MethodsThe agar well diffusion and broth microdilution techniques were employed to test the antimicrobial activities of FGE against five MDR strains; E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Serratia marscens (S. marscens) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Then the protective and therapeutic efficiencies of FGE against bacterial biofilms were in-vitro evaluated; at concentrations of 100, 75, 50 and 25%; in tissue culture plate (TCP) and on the polyurethane (PU) sheets using the crystal violet (CV) assay and colony-forming unit (CFU), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to confirm eradication of biofilms on PU sheets. Finally, systemic and deep tissue infections by P. aeruginosa and MRSA were induced in mice that were then treated by FGE at either 100 or 200 mg/kg for seven days. Where the antibacterial activity was assessed by tissue and blood culturing at the end of the treatment period. Biochemical, hematological and histological parameters were also investigated.ResultsFGE exhibited potent in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MDR strains. It not only didn’t exhibit toxicological effects at the hematological and the histological levels but also provided protective effects as demonstrated by the significant drop in the biochemical parameters.ConclusionFGE has the potential to be used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic lock agent against biofilm-associated infections caused by MDR bacteria.     

Burden of asthma among children in a developing megacity: childhood asthma study,Pakistan

Objectives: Global burden of childhood asthma has increased in the past few decades, particularly in low-income countries. In Pakistan, there is a lack of community-based epidemiological studies estimating the burden of asthma among children. This study determined the prevalence and predictors of asthma among children 3–17 years of age in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A two-stage community-based representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karachi from March 2012 to April 2013 comprising 1046 children aged 3–17 years. Of 7500 clusters, 80 were randomly selected, and of these, 15 children per cluster were enrolled randomly. A translated and pre-tested version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children questionnaire was administered. Results: The overall prevalence of asthma among study participants was 10.2% (95% CI: 8.4–12.0). Asthma was more likely to occur among boys (adj. OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6–4.0), children in the younger age group (3–7 years) (adj. OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.7–4.8), those living in households with ill-ventilated kitchens (adj. OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1), having family history of asthma (adj. OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–3.9) and those of the Sindhi ethnicity (adj. OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4). Conclusion: This study is the first robust evidence regarding asthma among children in Pakistan, reporting a high burden in this group. Family history, male gender, Sindhi ethnicity and ill-ventilated kitchen were identified as important predictors of asthma. Targeted preventive measures and intervention studies are required to better understand and reduce the burden of asthma among children in Pakistan.